Category Archives for Chemical Injection
Cooling Tower Commissioning
In order to minimize subsequent corrosion problems, it is important to properly commission a cooling tower. This involves properly cleaning the tower, the circulation piping, and heat exchangers prior to operation. The following prestartup plans should be considered and, if … Continue reading
Where to Locate Chlorine Containers
Exposure of containers to flame, intense radiation heat, or steam lines must be avoided. If the fusible plug reaches 158°F the plug will melt and chlorine will escape to the atmosphere. For cooling water treatment, the cylinders can be stored … Continue reading
Chlorinator Design
Chlorinators are usually sized to provide 1 ppm of chlorine continuously to the circulating water. For example, for a system with a circulation rate of 13,000 gallons per minute (156 million pounds per day) the chlorinator should be sized to … Continue reading
Preventing Liquid to the Chlorinator
No liquid chlorine can enter the chlorinator, as this usually damages the chlorinator components. The following methods can be used to reduce the chances of liquid chlorine entering the chlorinator: • Install a pressure reducer (as shown on the P&IDs) … Continue reading
Where to Inject Chlorine
Chlorine should be injected into the tower basin on the opposite side of the tower from the forebay to maintain a sterile condition in the tower basin. If chlorine is added to the forebay, it will not reach the basin … Continue reading
Chlorine Injection Facilities Sizing
The dependable continuous discharge rate of chlorine gas from a single 100-pound or 150-pound cylinder without frosting under normal conditions (70°F) is about 1.75 pound/hr against a 35 psi back pressure. The rate for a 1-ton container is about 15 … Continue reading
Chlorine Injection Facilities
Chlorine is a nonflammable gas which is liquified under pressure. It will react chemically (often vigorously) with almost all elements and with many inorganic and organic substances, usually with the evolution of heat. The gas has a characteristic odor and … Continue reading
Drums Chemical Injection
Use of drums should be avoided unless the quantity to be used is very small and returnable, or bulk facilities cannot be justified. Drums may be an acceptable alternate, however, for temporary uses (test runs). Drums are costly to dispose … Continue reading
Semibulk, Portable Returnable Container Chemical Injection
Semibulk containers offer the advantages of returnable containers supplied by the vendor and are easily handled by a forklift or crane. Skid-mounted standard units with attached pumps offer great convenience at low first cost and eliminate or reduce capital expenditures. … Continue reading
Bulk Storage Tanks Chemical Injection
For large quantities and where tank truck deliveries are required, bulk storage tanks are the best option. Often vendors will supply the tank; however, the tank must sometimes be upgraded to meet local standards. Steel storage tanks should be designed … Continue reading