Category Archives for Cooling Tower
Cooling Tower Troubleshooting
Uneven water distribution Possible Cause: Broken or plugged nozzles and/or distribution piping; broken fill; distributing pan out of level; excessive or uneven water flow Remedy: Replace or repair defective parts; clean distribution system and pump suction screen; adjust water flow … Continue reading
Forebay Hydraulic Model Testing
Because the hydraulic problems associated with forebay design are functions of many variables, analysis of expected flow conditions is difficult. Unfortunately, outside circumstances often force the designer to deviate from the design standards and expected resulting flow conditions—described herein. On … Continue reading
Recommended Forebay Dimensions: 3000 to 300,000 GPM Capacity
The recommended forebay dimensions and layouts as shown in Figures 2200-6 through 2200-8 are applicable to facilities with either horizontal or vertical pumps in the 3000 to 300,000 GPM capacity range (see also Standard Drawing GBQ99594). All dimensions are based … Continue reading
Forebay Design Guidelines for Vertical Pumps Only
The following general guidelines are applicable to forebays with vertical pumps at capacities exceeding 3000 GPM; these standards should be used in conjunction with the guidelines above for both horizontal and vertical pumps. 1. Submergence for net positive suction head … Continue reading
Forebay Design Guidelines for Horizontal Pumps Only
The following general guidelines are applicable to forebays with horizontal pumps at capacities in excess of 3000 GPM; these standards should be used in conjunction with the information of the preceding section. Refer to Standard Drawing GBQ99594 for layout and … Continue reading
Forebay Design Guidelines for Horizontal and Vertical Pumps
The following general guidelines are applicable to forebays with capacities exceeding 3000 GPM and either horizontal or vertical pumps. 1. Ideally, a straight channel approaching the pump suction point(s) will deliver uniform flow to the pump(s). Avoid any obstructions and/or … Continue reading
Forebay Design
Forebay design is based on the Hydraulic Institute Standards for sump design. Continuing research on rectangular, free surface wet pit sumps with 3000 to 300,000 GPM capacities has yielded guidelines in pump position and approach distance. All recommended distances are … Continue reading
Cooling Tower Forebay Design
This section provides basic concepts and guidelines for cooling tower forebay design. Past experience has shown that a poorly designed cooling tower forebay will severely impact cooling tower operation and pump life because of the following associated problems: • Pump … Continue reading
Cooling Tower Use of Biocides
In some areas, effluent must meet fish toxicity requirements. Biocides can be toxic to fish and must be used with care. They should be chosen so that a minimum amount is used with a maximum potential for degradation in the … Continue reading
Cooling Tower Minimizing Blowdown
Minimizing blowdown makes sense from both an economic and environmental standpoint. Depending on the location, makeup water costs can range from 40 cents to $4.00 per 1000 gallons. Normally, the plant effluent systems are capable of handling cooling tower blowdown … Continue reading