The superheat-controlled expansion valve needs no defense in its use in comfort air conditioning applications and in commercial refrigeration, but it is appropriate now to…

Probably the most widely used flow control device in general refrigeration practice, including air conditioning, is the superheat-controlled expansion valve. The valve is popularly called…

It would be possible to install a float or a capacitance probe directly in the vessel, but it is highly preferable to attach a float…

Electrical capacitance between two plates is the electrical charge divided by the voltage difference needed to maintain this charge. A capacitance level sensor measures the…

Numerous types of level controllers are used in industrial refrigeration practice, two important types of which are shown in Fig. 11.11. The mechanical type in…

Two major categories of liquid-level controllers used in industrial refrigeration systems are (1) high-side float valves, and (2) low-side float valves. These classes of valves,…

There are frequent situations where refrigerant flow controls must regulate pressure; several are illustrated in Fig. 11.8. Controlling the pressure in the evaporator, as in…

In low-temperature installations the shutoff valve between the evaporator and the suction line should offer as little flow resistance as possible during refrigeration. A normally-open…

To make the solenoid valve practical for large pipe diameters, concepts must be applied other than direct force on the valve stem from the magnetic…

Solenoid valves are electrically operated shutoff valves. Probably the most common is the normally closed (NC) valve, but normally open (NO) valves are also available4.…