Position sensors have analog outputs indicating the position of the actuator based on the position of the magnet on that actuator. Position sensors provide flexibility…
A proximity sensor detects the presence of nearby objects without physical contact. Presence sensors are discrete output devices. Typically, a magnetic proximity sensor is used…
When purchasing a sensor, there are many options. Once a sensor is chosen that fits mechanically and is the general type, there are other considerations…
The tube bundle is immerged in a pool of liquid at the base of the column in an oversize shell (Figure 1.11). Kettle reboiler is…
The liquid is fed by means of a pump. Forced circulation reboilers with vertical or horizontal tubes boiling may be designed. Forced circulation reboilers are…
The boiling occurs inside the tubes in vertical thermosyphon reboiler and inside shell in horizontal thermosyphon reboiler (Figure 1.10). In vertical thermosyphon reboiler, the liquid…
There two general types of condensers: Vertical condenser Downflow vertical condenser: The vapor enters at the top of condenser and flows down inside tubes. The…
The change from liquid phase to vapor phase is called vaporization and the reverse phase transfer is condensation. The change from liquid to vapor or…
The routing of the shell side and tube side fluids has considerable effects on the heat exchanger design. Some general guidelines for positioning the fluids…
The most of the process fluids in the exchanger foul the heat transfer surface. The material deposited reduces the effective heat transfer rate due to…